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- International Journal of Forestry Research: Aspen seedling growth in a Faraday cage and mock Faraday cage evaluated after exposure to ambient radio signals (1.0 MHz to 3.0 GHz; Mean field intensity −109 dBm). The RF shielded plants produced 74% longer shoots, and 60% more leaf area. Autumn pigmentation of exposed leaves resembles many Fairbanks aspen (i.e. abnormal gray to brown dead leaf tissue, see photos).
- Journal of Plant Signaling and Behavior: The proportion of plant cells directly interacting with EMF radiation at the organism/environment interface is much higher in plants than it is in animals, making them especially suited to study EMF effects on life. An organism’s general architecture is of primary importance for its ability to perceive electromagnetic radiation.
- BioMed Research International: Exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields damages plants at the cellular, molecular, and entire organism scales. Metabolic activities are modified, gene expression is altered, and growth is reduced.
- Journal of Trace and Microphobe Techniques: Flax is well suited for studying the effects of electromagnetic radiation. Calcium-deprived flax seedlings exposed for 2 hours to the radiation from a GSM telephone 0.9 GHz (i.e., at non-thermal levels) respond similarly to a minute of cold shock exposure.
- Journal of Plant Signaling and Behavior: High frequency low amplitude EMF causes enhanced expression of at least one plant-wound gene.
- Journal of Plant Signaling and Behavior: Plants undergo physiological modification after exposure to RF EMF. The energy status of plant cells (i.e., as characterized by ATP and AEC) rapidly declines after exposure to RF EMF.
- Journal of Biosciences: Cell phone radiation causes biochemical changes that impair the early growth of mung bean seedlings.
- Science of the Total Environment: 900 MHz cell phone radiation inhibits root growth in mung beans.
- Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Weak exposure to cell phone radiation at 5G frequencies causes physiological and/or morphological impacts on maize, roselle, pea, fenugreek, duckweeds, tomato, onions and mung beans. They’re especially sensitive to frequencies between 800 to 1500 MHz; 1500 to 2400 MHz; and 3500 to 8000 MHz.
- Planta (France): Cell phone radiation is perceived by plants as an injurious stimulus, based on tomato plants exposed to low level electromagnetic fields for 10 minutes (900 MHz, 5 V m−1). The plants quickly displayed genetic evidence after exposure, consistent with wound response.
- Romanian Journal of Biophysics: Maize seedlings exposed to cell phone radiation (935.2-960.2 MHz, 0.07-0.15 mW/cm²) had significantly increased germination and growth rates. Photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugar and total carbohydrates were positively affected by HF EMF exposure.
- Plant, Cell, and Environment: Wild tomato plants exposed to RF EMF (900 MHz, 5 V/m, 10 minutes) evoked rapid and substantial accumulation of biochemicals similar to wound response.
- Bioelectromagnetics: Flax seedlings exposed for 2 hours to 105 GHz results in epidermal meristems (actively dividing groups of cells), similar to GSM cell phone radiation exposure.
- Physics in Medicine and Biology: Yeast cells exposed to non-thermal levels of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (200-350 GHz, 2.5 hours) had significant differences in growth between exposed and control yeast microcolonies.
- Physiologia Plantarum (Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society): Tomato plants exposed to RF EMF (900 MHz, 5 V m−1, for 10 minutes) experienced large, consistent changes in stress‐related chemicals.