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- Vienna Medical University: Current guidelines don’t protect the public. Austrian cell phone providers are excluded from coverage by “Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks” due to health risks caused by regulatory exclusion of biological responses to non-thermal radio frequency electromagnetic fields.
- Pathophysiology: Existing safety standards are obsolete because they are based solely on thermal effects from acute exposures. The rapidly expanding development of new wireless technologies and the long latency for the development of such serious diseases as brain cancers means that failure to take immediate action to reduce risks may result in an epidemic of potentially fatal diseases in the future… Taking action to reduce exposures is imperative, especially for the fetus and children.
- Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics: The biological effects of RF EMF (at 960 MHz) are not limited to “thermal effects”. There was a significant change in cell proliferation between non-thermal exposure at either 39 or 35 degrees C, and non-exposed control cells.
- National Research Council (US): Research for proposed “Ground Wave Emergency Network” identified harmful effects from nonthermal exposures including: a) Abnormally slow heart rate (bradycardia), b) Altered Ca2+ binding to the surfaces of nerve cells in isolated brain hemispheres and neuroblastoma cells, c) Abnormal neurotransmitter activity in brain tissue exposed to RF EMF down to 0.45 W/kg, and d) Electroencephalograms (EEGs) of cats exposed to amplitude-modulated frequencies under 25 Hz.
- Mutagenesis: Non-thermal radio-frequency electromagnetic fields used in mobile phones cause DNA breakage in human and rat cells.
- Toxicology Letters: Non-thermal RF-EMF ultrafine particles (i.e., under 0.1 microns) that are produced by combustion processes and emissions from wireless communication devices like mobile phones. These particles can be internalized by white blood cells, increasing free radical release.
- La Medicina Del Lavoro (Occupation Medicine – Italian): Uncertainties complicate preventive examinations that protect European Union healthcare workers operating MRI equipment, at non-thermal exposures to 10 to 1,000 HZ, and RF EMF at 1 MHz to 300 MHz. Observed symptoms include reversible arrhythmia (possibly leading to ventricular fibrillation); decreased working memory and eye-hand coordination; and changes in blood pressure/heart-rate. NOTE: See industry criticism of the EU’s occupational health regulation (i.e., Directive 2004/40/EC).
- Bioelectromagnetics: Wi-Fi exposure from laptop computer in high performance mode causes 5.6 °C, 2.1 °C, and 1.4 °C increases in lap skin, scrotum, and testis, respectively. (2.4 and 5 GHz, 1 W antenna, 420 W/m2 heat flux under laptop).
- Joint Publications Research Service (U.S./U.S.S.R, 1974): The U.S. once recognized non-thermal biological effects of RF EMF, including changes in: body weight; arterial pressure; reproductive function; central nervous system; and electromyography (muscle control signals). Reference Page 13, Table 1 “Experimental Studies on the Biological Effects of Very Low Intensity Microwaves (150 μW/cm2)”. Also reference Page 41, Table 1, distances for signal to reach 1 or 10 μW/cm2, for millimeter and centimeter waves. Safe distances range from 1,200 to 3,800 meters.
- Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine: Both the pathophysiological (i.e., single-strand DNA breaks in cells) and therapeutic (bone growth) effects associated with non-thermal EMF effects in humans and higher animals is based on voltage-gated calcium channels.
- Reviews on Environmental Health: Hundreds of studies show non-thermal exposure to microwaves induces negative biological impacts, contradicting the assumptions of a Canadian “Safety” Panel. Problems repeatedly associated with non-thermal exposure include: cancer; broken DNA; male/female infertility; sleep disruption; heart problems (i.e., tachycardia, arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death); diverse neuropsychiatric effects including depression; and oxidative stress. Voltage-gated calcium channel activation induces biological impacts at non-thermal RF EMF levels.
- Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology: The maximum acceptable exposure limit should be lowered for cellular phones. Non-thermal RF-EMW from commercially available cell phones might affect the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.
- Lancet: Resting blood pressure increases during exposure to RF EMF from a cell phone (i.e., Non-thermal), 900 MHz, 2 Watt, 217 Hz.
- Clinics (Sao Paulo): Non-thermal exposure to radiation from GSM cell phones (0.9/1.8 GHz, 1 hour/day for 28 days) induces oxidative stress and reduces sperm motility in rats
- Journal of Trace and Microphobe Techniques: Flax is well suited for studying the effects of electromagnetic radiation. Calcium-deprived seedlings flax seedlings exposed for 2 hours to the radiation from a GSM telephone 0.9 GHz (i.e., at non-thermal levels) respond similarly to a minute of cold shock exposure.
- Differentiation – Research in Biological Diversity: GSM mobile phone radiation (900 MHz, 1-hour non-thermal exposure) facilitates development of brain cancer, by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability due to likely accumulation of brain tissue damage.
- Reproductive Health: Non-thermal RF-EMF (900 MHz, 0.66 W/kg, 2 hours/day, for 50 days) triggers death of rat sperm, resulting in male infertility.
- Pathophysiology: Rat blood-brain barrier has increased permeability at 7 and 14 days after 2 hours of exposure to non-thermal radiation from 900 MHz cell phones.
- Journal of Physics and Engineering: Wide variety of non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on amphibians.
- Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: GSM 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz mobile phones decreased biological activity in fruit flies. Both types of radiation were found to decrease significantly and non thermally the insect’s reproductive capacity, but GSM 900 MHz seems to be even more bioactive than DCS 1800 MHz.
- Journal of Advanced Research: Adverse effect of non-thermal RF EMF exposure (900 MHz, at 0.025 mW/cm2, 1 hour/day, for 1 month) was observed in the physiology of rat brains. REM sleep was significantly delayed, based on EEG measurements.
- Journal of Neurophysiology: The alpha band electroencephalogram was significantly affected in volunteers exposed to (non-thermal) radiation from a cell phone, GSM 900 MHz, for 26 minutes. Test design was a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover study.
- Microwave Review (2005 – Russian) later Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine (2009): Because non-thermal microwaves affect not only brain cells, but also blood cells, skin and fibroblasts, stem cells, reproductive organs and sperm quality, hands-free cell phones cannot minimize all adverse health effects. Identification of signals and frequency channels/bands for mobile communication, which do not affect human cells, is needed as a high priority task for the development of safe mobile communication.
- Physics in Medicine and Biology: Yeast cells exposed to non-thermal levels of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (200-350 GHz, 2.5 hours) had significant differences in growth between exposed and control yeast microcolonies.
- 25th European Microwave Conference (1995): Low-level exposure to non-thermal 2.45 GHz microwave radiation significantly increases cell wall permeability, resulting in hemoglobin loss.
- Oncology Letters: Among eleven thousand radiofrequency radiation measurements throughout Stockholm, Sweeden in 2017, all exceeded the target level of 30-60 µW/m2 criteria established for non-thermal exposure. Exposure levels will increase with 5G service
- Electronic Physician: The results of this study and International Commission of Non Ionization Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reports showed the people who spend more than 50 minutes a day using a cell phone could have early dementia or other thermal damage due to the burning of glucose in the brain.