Frequency Free Fairbanks – Let's live without cancer

Our youngest kids are the most at risk, according to extensive peer-reviewed research.

Biological Effects for 5G Frequencies, in the Low- (0.6 GHz – 3.7 GHz); Mid- (3.7GHz – 24 GHz); and High-band frequencies (24 GHz and higher); i.e., millimeter waves:

Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: The most critical regions of a child’s head absorb two to ten times more RF EMF than adults. Current exposure limits assume the anatomy of U.S. military recruits. Accountable, independent groups should revise U.S. exposure limits, using anatomically-based models.
Physics in Medicine and Biology: The external shape of the head and the distribution of different tissues within the head plays a significant role in RF EMF energy absorption, based on examining anatomical models exposed to radiation at 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz.
Pathophysiology: Scientific reviews after 1986, that are used as a basis for radiation exposure standards, excluded scientists with expertise in the health effects from non-thermal doses of cell phone signals. (Link to full study)
European Journal of Oncology: Irregular heartbeat (tachycardia) and other autonomic nervous system effects result from non-thermal signal from cordless phone (2.4 GHz; 0.01 to 0.8 µW/cm²) in a double-blind study, far below exposure safety standards for the U.S. and Canada (i.e., 1,000 µW/cm²).
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies: Observed effects include: a) A modest pro-inflammatory response that activates free nerve endings in the skin, and b) Possible effects on bio-membrane organization and cell proliferation. Effects were observed in low to medium-power exposures (0 to 15 mW/cm², around 60 GHZ, +/-), and caused local tissue heating on the order of 1–2 degrees C. Some effects occur below the “International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection” (ICNIRP’s) worker “protective” standard for millimeter waves in this frequency range, i.e., 10 mW/cm² (= 100 W/m²).
Vienna Medical University: Current guidelines don’t protect the public. Austrian cell phone providers are excluded from coverage by “Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks” due to health risks caused by regulatory exclusion of biological responses to non-thermal radio frequency electromagnetic fields.
Pathophysiology: Existing safety standards are obsolete because they are based solely on thermal effects from acute exposures. The rapidly expanding development of new wireless technologies and the long latency for the development of such serious diseases as brain cancers means that failure to take immediate action to reduce risks may result in an epidemic of potentially fatal diseases in the future… Taking action to reduce exposures is imperative, especially for the fetus and children. (Link to full study)
Journal of Clinical and Translational Research: Exposure to radiation from wireless communications, including 5G, correlates with elevated adverse health outcomes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Medical Research Archives: Exposure to 5G millimeter waves is associated with higher COVID-19 case and death rates in the US. The mechanism may relate to changes in blood chemistry, oxidative stress, an impaired immune response, an altered cardiovascular and/or neurological response.
Radiation Research: Exposure to EMF in the 1-100 GHz range can trigger vibrational dynamics and biochemical reactions in the large macromolecules of living organisms. Exposure (53.37 GHz, 0.1 mW/cm², i.e., non-thermal) results in apparent cell membrane permeability changes.
Scientific Reports: Pulsed EMF in the terahertz (THz) range creates an apparent shock wave that damages actin filaments, altering protein structures in living cells. THz irradiation affects not only the surface of the human body, but also a few millimeters into the tissue. This penetration should be considered when developing high-power THz radiation safety standards.
Scientific Reports: Non-thermal exposure to 1.7 GHz RF-EMF increases intracellular reactive oxygen species that decrease human cell proliferation, and induce cell aging/deterioration.
Scientific Reports: Shifting RF-EMF power to frequencies higher than 3 GHz – without changing the incident field strength – results in relative increases in absorbed power by factors of 24–48 for the honey bee models studied. Such a shift in frequencies is expected in future (i.e., 5G) networks.
PLOS One: Six genes were confirmed to be sensitive to millimeter waves (60.4 GHz, 20 mW/cm², 3 hours, non-thermal exposure) in ultra-broadband small cells of 5G cellular networks. Biocompatibility must be evaluated prior to 5G deployment.
Scientific Reports: Human skin cells exposed to millimeter waves (60.4 GHz, 20 mW/cm², 24 hours, non-thermal exposure) altered features in lipidomic sequences and in intracellular metabolomic analyses. Dysregulations suggest millimeter waves may alter the permeability of cell membranes.
Journal of Microwave Power: Pulse bursts of microwave energy stimulate resonant-type acoustical response in models of the brain irradiated by radar transmitter (5.655 GHz, 200 kW peak, and 1.10 GHz, 4 kW peak).
Health Physics: Microwave auditory effect is the most widely accepted biological effect of microwave radiation (in the 100’s of MHz to 10’s of GHz). Upon absorption by soft tissues in the head, a thermoelastic wave of acoustic pressure travels by bone conduction to the inner ear, activating the cochlear receptors, similar to normal hearing.
Bioelectromagnetics: The human auditory response to pulses of RF EMF (2.4 MHz to 10 GHz) is a well established phenomenon. The induced sounds are similar to a click, buzz, hiss, knock, or chirp. They’re typically heard in quiet environments by people with good acoustic hearing at frequencies above 5 kHz.
PLOS One: RF-EMR (1.8 GHz, 0.4 W/kg to 27.5 W/kg) induced oxidative stress in human sperm, damaging DNA. These effects correlate with poor fertility, increased miscarriage, childhood cancer, and morbidity in the offspring.
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics: Low-intensity microwave radiation (900 MHz and 1800 MHz, 30 days, 2 hours/day, 5 days/week, 0.5953 and 0.5835 mW/kg.) correlates with learning and memory disturbances by altering rat brain chemistry.
The Lancet – Planetary Health: Public exposure regulations are based on the belief that only acute thermal effects are hazardous. Preventing tissue heating by RF EMF is now proven ineffective in preventing biochemical and physiological harm.
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics: E. coli exposed to extremely high frequency EMF (51.8 and 53 GHz, 0.06 mW/cm², 30 to 60 minutes) had membranous changes that appear to change metabolic pathways that can lead to antibiotic resistance. Other bacteria with a specific role in in the biosphere could react similarly.
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics: Biological responses to low-intensity electromagnetic irradiation (at 51.8, 53, 70.6, and 73 GHz) were evaluated on E. coli. Altered bacterial growth, cell sizes, surface tension, oxidation-reduction potential, and structural differences were detected, based on exposure frequency. Effects were attributed to partial EMF absorbance by the surrounding medium.
Dose-Response: Exposure to RF-EMFs within a narrow level of irradiation (i.e., “exposure window” theory) makes E. coli and Listeria resistant to antibiotics when tested with 900 MHz mobile phone-simulated radiation, and 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router signals.
Mutation Research: 2.45 GHz has excessive mutagenic potential at the prescribed “safe limit”.
Critical Reviews in Microbiology: The genome is affected because the conformational changes in DNA. EMF interaction with bacteria cause changes in their sensitivity to different chemicals, including antibiotics. These effects lead to changed metabolic pathways in bacteria and their antibiotic resistance.
Tohoku Journal Experimental Medicine: Exposure to 2.45 GHz RF-EMF from Wi-Fi transmitters is hazardous to male reproductive system. Testes showed degenerative changes, reduced testosterone level, increased apoptotic cells, and DNA damage. Effects caused by elevation of testicular temperature and oxidative stress activity.
Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering: Wi-Fi exposure acted on bacteria in stressful manner by enhancing biofilm formation and increasing antibiotic resistance and motility of Escherichia coli 0157H7. Biofilm formation also enhanced for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. These findings may have implications for the management of serious diseases caused by these infectious bacteria.
Environmental Research Journal: Large-scale lifetime study of 2,448 rats exposed to mobile phone RF EMF field equal to emissions from a 1.8 GHz cell phone base station. The resulting brain and heart tumors are identical to those observed in epidemiological studies on cell phone users. This, combined with the US National Toxicology Program’s study provide sufficient evidence to call for the reevaluation of IARC conclusions regarding the carcinogenic potential of RFR in humans.
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity: Oxidative stress induced by EMF causes reproductive toxicity with a mitochondrial basis in male and female reproductive systems when exposed to EMF.
Cell Journal: RF EMF from WiFi (2.45-GHz, 3.21 W/kg SAR, 1 hr/day, 28 days) caused decrease in sperm parameters, reduced weight of the seminal vesicle, and abnormal programmed cell death in semen tubules of exposed rats.
Pathophysiology: Wi-Fi (12 hours/day for 30 days) reduced anti-convulsive and antioxidant effect of melatonin, while increasing neuronal damage in hippocampus of rats.
Bioelectromagnetics: Increased DNA single- and double-strand breaks in rat brain cells is associated with acute exposure to pulsed 2450-MHz radio frequency electromagnetic radiation at 2 mW/cm². Melatonin appears to block this damage.
Radiation Research: Abnormal chromosomal division observed in human-hamster hybrid cells after exposure to radiation in the terahertz frequency band (0.106 THz; 0.043 to 4.3 mW/cm²; 30 minute exposure)
Survey of Ophthalmology: The formation of cataracts seems to be related directly to the power of the microwave and the duration of exposure. The mechanism of cataractogenesis includes deformation of heat-labile enzymes, such as glutathione peroxide, that ordinarily protect lens cell proteins and membrane lipids from oxidative damage.
Pathologie-Biologie (France): Mobile phones may cause blurring of vision, and secretion from, inflammation in, and lacrimation (flow of tears) from the eyes.
Bratislava Medical Journal (Slovakia): Eye cells recognize EMF as a stress factor, and in response, activate gene expressions. RF-EMF can cause cellular damage in rat ocular cells.
Current Eye Research: Mobile telephone radiation leads to oxidative stress in corneal and lens tissues of rats.
Open Ophthalmology Journal: Non thermal exposure of bovine eye lenses to (1.1 GHz, 2.22 mW) microwaves caused a reversible decrease in lens optical quality accompanied by irreversible morphological and biochemical damage to the lens epithelial cell layer. The effect of the electromagnetic radiation on the lens epithelium was remarkably different from those of conductive heat.
Journal of Radiation Research: After in utero exposure to 9.417-GHz radiation, male mouse offspring demonstrated decreased learning and memory, while females were not affected in learning and memory, suggesting that microwave exposure produces gender-dependent effects.
Radiation Research: Human lymphatic system white blood cells experience genomic instability after exposure to radiation in the terahertz frequency band (0.1 THz; 0.031 mW/cm²; 2 and 24 hour exposure). Effects attributed to radiation-induced low-frequency collective vibrational modes of proteins and DNA. This exposure may increase cancer risk.
PLOS One: Fifteen minute exposure to 3G mobile phone signals associated with significant changes in the alpha, slowbeta, fastbeta, and gamma bands of electroencephalogram recordings when cell phone is placed on the ear. Electroencephalogram readings not affected when cell phone is placed on the chest. Test was single-blind, cross-over (1.9291 to 1.9397 GHz; 15 minute exposure; 0.69 W/kg).
Bioelectromagnetics: Fluorescent protein changes occur in E-coli biosensor cells exposed to non-thermal radiation (1500, 2000, and 2300 GHz; 1.4 W/cm²)
Supreme Court of California: Wireless telephone service companies need to obtain permits to install and maintain lines and equipment in public rights-of-way.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: 2.45-Gz wireless devices induce oxidative stress and proliferation through cytosolic Ca²⁺ influx in human leukemia cancer cells.
International Journal of Toxicology: Chronic low-intensity 900 to 2450 MHz microwave exposure correlated with DNA damage in rat brains, declined cognitive function, and elevated heat specific proteins.
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry: Brains of 2 week old mice are very sensitive to 10 GHz microwave exposure, causing impairment to spatial memory, enzyme activity, and histopathology.
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry: Heat shock proteins appear in fruit flies after exposure to non-thermal radiation (900 and 1,900 MHz; 1.4 W/kg) from a multi-band cell phone. Study provides biomarkers that provide a basis for realistic mobile phone safety guidelines.
Congenital Anomalies: Derangement of chicken embryo retinal differentiation caused by exposure to RF EMF from a mobile phone (1800 MHz, 15 min, twice daily). (Link to complete study)
Bioelectromagnetics: 2450 MHz exposure associated with a marked increase in chromosome aberrations and fragments.
Bioelectromagnetics: Low-intensity microwave exposure increases single-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells.
Health Physics: “International Council on 5-G Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection guidelines may lead to permanent tissue damage after even short exposures”
Bioelectromagnetics: Wi-Fi exposure from laptop computer in high performance mode causes 5.6 °C, 2.1 °C, and 1.4 °C increases in lap skin, scrotum, and testis, respectively. (2.4 and 5 GHz, 1 W antenna, 420 W/m² heat flux under laptop).
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Weak exposure to cell phone radiation at 5G frequencies causes physiological and/or morphological impacts on maize, roselle, pea, fenugreek, duckweeds, tomato, onions and mung beans. They’re especially sensitive to frequencies between 800 to 1500 MHz; 1500 to 2400 MHz; and 3500 to 8000 MHz.
Planta (France): Cell phone radiation is perceived by plants as an injurious stimulus, based on tomato plants exposed to low level electromagnetic fields for 10 minutes (900 MHz, 5 V m⁻¹). The plants quickly displayed genetic evidence after exposure, consistent with wound response.
Romanian Journal of Biophysics: Maize seedlings exposed to cell phone radiation (935.2-960.2 MHz, 0.07-0.15 mW/cm²) had significantly increased germination and growth rates. Photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugar and total carbohydrates were positively affected by HF EMF exposure.
Plant, Cell, and Environment: Wild tomato plants exposed to RF EMF (900 MHz, 5 V/m, 10 minutes) evoked rapid and substantial accumulation of biochemicals similar to wound response.
Bioelectromagnetics: Flax seedlings exposed for 2 hours to 105 GHz results in epidermal meristems (actively dividing groups of cells), similar to GSM cell phone radiation exposure.
Physics in Medicine and Biology: Yeast cells exposed to non-thermal levels of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (200-350 GHz, 2.5 hours) had significant differences in growth between exposed and control yeast microcolonies.
Physiologia Plantarum (Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society): Tomato plants exposed to RF EMF (900 MHz, 5 V m⁻¹, for 10 minutes) experienced large, consistent changes in stress‐related chemicals.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: Exposure to 10 GHz microwave radiation decreased the ability of mice to learn, which coincided with decreased protein levels in the brain.
International Journal of Oncology: Radiofrequency fields should be classified as a Group 2A probable human carcinogen under the criteria used by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
International Journal of Oncology: “International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection” is dominated by industry-loyalists with serious conflicts of interest, resulting in little or nothing being done to reduce exposure and educate people on health hazards from RF radiation.
International Journal of Oncology: Mobile and cordless phones posed higher acoustic neuroma risk on the same side of the head used for mobile phone usage. Risks increased per 100 hours cumulative use and per year of latency for mobile phones and cordless phones. The percentage tumor volume increased per year of latency and per 100 h of cumulative use. Confirmed previous association found between mobile and cordless phone use and acoustic neuroma.
International Journal of Oncology: Glioma (malignant tumor of nervous system) risk associated with use of mobile or cordless phones. Risk increases with latency time, cumulative use in hours, and was highest in subjects with first use before the age of 20. (Link to full study)
“Biological Effect of Millimeter Radiowaves” CIA-Declassified Russian Research: “Millimeter waves caused changes in the body manifested in structural alterations in the skin and internal organs, qualitative and quantitative changes in the blood and bone marrow composition, and changes of the conditioned reflex activity.”
Bioelectromagnetics: Skin exposure to low intensity millimeter waves caused the release of endogenous opioids, transporting them in the bloodstream to all parts of the body.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi exposed rats (4 hours/day for 45 days) had hyperglycemia. Plasma insulin level and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islet were significantly reduced.
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy: DNA damage in rat testes associated with long-term exposure to 2.4 GHz RF radiation from Wi-Fi.
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy: Pulse modulated radio-frequency radiation exposure of 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz increases permeability of the blood-brain barrier in male rats, but not in female rats.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology: Biological effects of millimeter waves potentially include antibiotic resistant bacteria, but also offer potential new therapeutic practices, and food protection technologies.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine – Occupational and Environmental Medicine: In areas of the brain most exposed to cell phone radiation (at 800–900 and 1800–1900 MHz), the likelihood of glioma tumors (i.e., brain cancer) among those with 10+ years of mobile phone use increased 280%.
Environmental Research: Sweat ducts in skin form a helical antenna that is tuned to 5-G radio-waves, leading to a high specific absorption rate. Recommend against unrestricted use of sub-THz technologies for communication, before evaluating the possible consequences for public health.
Environmental Research: The addition of high frequency 5G radiation to the complex mix of lower frequencies, will contribute to a negative public health outcome from physical and mental health perspectives.
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health: 5-G radiation yet to be evaluated, but evidence suggests it poses risks including cancer and non-communicable diseases.
Environmental Research: Wi-Fi radiation causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including electroencephalogram changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload.
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine: Smart meters may have unique characteristics that lower people’s threshold for development of electromagnetic hypersensitivity.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: 2.856 GHz microwave exposure causes cognitive impairment with significant deficits in spatial learning and memory in rats.
Neurotoxicology: Low intensity microwave radiation at 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz induces oxidative stress, inflammatory response and DNA damage in rat brain via frequency-dependent effects.
Toxicological Sciences – Society of Toxicology: Short and long-term 2.45 GHz microwave exposure causes neuronal/nonneuronal apoptosis associated with spatial memory loss in mice.
Toxicological Sciences – Society of Toxicology: 2.45-GHz microwave radiation suppresses signaling mechanisms of hippocampal memory formation in mice.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: 2.856 GHz-exposed rats showed consistent long-term deficiencies in cognitive impairment, spatial learning and memory.
Physiology and Behavior: 2.856GHz microwave exposure could cause dose-dependent long-term impairment of spatial learning, memory, and hippocampal structure injuries.
Biomedical Environmental Sciences: Hippocampus can be injured by long-term microwave exposure, which might result in impairment of cognitive function due to neurotransmitter disruption
Chinese Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology: Electromagnetic irradiation of 2000 μW/cm²; exposure can impair the learning and memory abilities of rats.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: Acute exposure to EMF at 2450-MHz causes single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells, that occurred 4 hours after exposure.
Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics: Exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 5 or 25 W kg⁻¹ is twice as effective as 27 MHz radiofrequency radiation in inducing cell cycle alteration.
25th European Microwave Conference (1995): Low-level exposure to non-thermal 2.45 GHz microwave radiation significantly increases cell wall permeability, resulting in hemoglobin loss.
International Atomic Energy Agency, Malaysian Nuclear Agency: 2.45 GHz microwave radiation kills rat brain cells, and causes weight gain proportional to exposure.
Environmental Health: New Zealand youth will be at elevated risk of brain tumors by their mid-teens, based on their reported phone usage, and findings of the Interphone and Hardell-group studies.
Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering: Statistically significant rise in the sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumonia to different antibiotics after 4.5 hours of exposure to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation, followed by a fall after 8 hours of exposure.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology: Oxidative stress due to 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz microwave exposure associated with cognitive impairment and inflammation in rat brain.
Reviews on Environmental Health: “Chronic multi-system illness” correlates electromagnetic hypersensitivity to 3 MHz-300 GHz, with headaches, concentration difficulties, sleep problems, depression, lack of energy, fatigue, and flu-like symptoms.
International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences: Human sperm concentration, motility and morphology grading are affected significantly by exposure to RFR emanating from a laptop antenna in active mode at 2.4 GHz
Environmental Science Pollution Research International: Oxidative defense system in rats exposed to Wi-Fi signal (2.45 GHz RF EMF emitted from Wi-Fi, 24 h/day for 10 weeks) had significant decrease in antioxidant capacity of plasma and antioxidant enzymes.
Fertility and Sterility: Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz, non-thermal effect) decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation
Journal of Pediatric Urology: Radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices poses potential effect on both fertility and the integrity of sperm cells.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz RF emitted from Wi-Fi (2420 μW/kg, 1 g average) affects some of the reproductive parameters of male rats. We suggest Wi-Fi users avoid long-term exposure to RF emissions from Wi-Fi equipment.
Scientific Reports: At constant power densities, the absorbed RF EMF at 2–120 GHz increases as exposure shifts to higher frequencies, in honey bees, locust, beetles, and Australian stingless bees.
Journal of Insect Conservation: Wild pollinators on Greek islands exposed to 800 MHz to 2.6 GHZ cell phone towers experienced: a) Decreasing abundance of wild pollinators living above ground, and b) Increasing abundance for underground-nesting wild bees/bee flies.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology: Albino rabbits exposed to WIFI had an elevated heart rate (+22%), and blood pressure (+14%).
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health: Available findings suggest biomedical effects from 5G frequencies, including reproductive, metabolic/neurologic effects, and altered bacterial antibiotic resistance.
Bioelectromagnetics: Four fold increase in DNA damage and micronuclei induction in human blood cells exposed to cell phone radiation (837 TDMA/CDMA, and 1909.8 MHz GSM, 5.0 W/kg minimum exposure; 24 hour exposure to each of four cell phone types).

Biological effects for the current typical wireless cell phone frequencies in Fairbanks – i.e., a range around 900 MHz:

Annals of Science: Since 1928, scientists who identify non-thermal biological effects from RF EMF bear the “burden of proof”, see Pages 326 and 349. Yet the UN’s telecom-industry-dominated “radiation protection” NGO negligently dismisses extensive and convincing evidence of biological harm from non-thermal RF EMF exposure.
Experimental Oncology: Significant biological effects occur after short-term (e.g. only a few minutes) and/or extremely weak microwave exposure, several orders of magnitude below current standards. The currently used “thermal” assessment of microwave exposure hazards is neither safe, nor appropriate.
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association: In 1974, the US allowed 10 to 1,000 times the acceptable RF EMF exposure as Poland and the (former) U.S.S.R. and Czechoslovakia – see Table 1. Non-thermal or specific effects from RF EMF are more difficult to detect than those caused by thermal exposure.
National Toxicology Program (U.S.): Unequivocal evidence of heart cancer from GSM-modulated cell phone RFR at 900 MHz in male lab rats after 2 year exposure. Equivocal associations also found between RFR exposure and malignant (and non-malignant) tumors of the brain, adrenal gland, prostate gland, pituitary gland, and pancreas.
National Toxicology Program (U.S.): Equivocal evidence found after two years of exposure to GSM-modulated cell phone RFR at 1.8 GHz in lab mice, which was significantly associated with lymphoma and liver cancer.
US Food and Drug Administration: US food and drug officials dismiss the “clear evidence” of carcinogenic activity in rodents exposed to RF EMF that was identified by the US National Toxicology Program.
European Journal of Cancer: Health hazards faced by mobile phone users’ children include: brain tumors; tumors of acoustical nerves and inner ear; memory disruption; attention deficit; diminishing learning and cognitive abilities; increased irritability; sleep problems; stress sensitivity; epileptic events; Alzheimer’s disease. (See link: Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection)
Fertility and Sterility: Human semen exposed to radiation from a cell phone (850 MHz; 1 Watt; SAR 1.46 W/kg; 1–40 μW/cm²; non-thermal; 60 minute exposure) showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and viability. Keeping the cell phone in a trouser pocket in talk mode may negatively affect spermatozoa and impair male fertility.
Fertility and Sterility: Use of cell phones decrease the semen quality in men by decreasing the sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology. The decrease in sperm parameters depends on duration of daily exposure to cell phones, independent of initial semen quality.
International Journal of Neuroscience: A 900 MHz cell phone, emitting 3–4 watts adjacent to the ear and brain, induces abnormally slow electroencephalogram waves in the delta band of awake people. This pattern is pathological in awake subjects – (i.e., note similarities to the electroencephalogram of sleeping demential patients). After turning off the phone, the pattern progressively decreased in amplitude, disappearing in ten minutes.
Environment International: Pooled studies suggest that mobile phone exposure negatively affects sperm quality.
Journal of Computer Science & Systems Biology: Investigation of three major diseases, i.e., brain tumor, male infertility and hearing impairment, was conducted by medical practitioners working in Pakistani hospitals and medical centers. They ranked the sources of biological harm to: a) Mobile phones 96%; b) Laptops (54%); c) Bluetooth devices (32%); d) Wireless routers (20%); and e) Tablets and personal computers (14%).
British Medical Journal (BMJ): Advocacy scientists and journalists who claim there is “no evidence” of health effects from electromagnetic fields and microwaves are misleading the public. Publication lists 50 scientists who counter these misleading claims.
Pathophysiology: EMFs disturb immune function through stimulation of various allergic and inflammatory responses, undermining tissue repair processes. This increases risks for cancer, DNA damage, and neurological effects, which can occur at exposure levels significantly below current safety limits.
Electronic Physician: The results of this study and International Commission of Non Ionization Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reports showed the people who spend more than 50 minutes a day using a cell phone could have early dementia or other thermal damage due to the burning of glucose in the brain.
Radiation Research: The odds of contracting lymphoma were 2.4 times higher in mice exposed to two 30-min periods per day for up to 18 months (900 MHz, pulse repetition frequency of 217 Hz, 2.6-13 W/m2, average 0.13-1.4 W/kg).
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences: Chronic radiation at 900 to 950 MHz decreased seizure thresholds in mice significantly. Continued and prolonged contact with mobile phone radiation might increase human risk of seizure attacks and should be limited.
US Government Accountability Office: The Federal Communications Commissions (FCC) RF energy exposure limit may not reflect the latest research, and testing requirements may not identify maximum exposure in all possible usage conditions. FCC should formally reassess and, if appropriate, change its current RF energy exposure limit and mobile phone testing requirements related to likely usage configurations, particularly when phones are held against the body.
Environmental Medicine Society (German): Clinical symptoms significantly decrease near a cell phone tower after its removal
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics: Significantly reduced numbers of immature eggs found in the ovaries in the offspring of pregnant rats kept in polypropylene cages with mobile phones placed beneath the cage during their entire pregnancy. Exposure was 11.75 hours in standby mode, followed by 15 minutes in talk mode.
Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics: The biological effects of RF EMF (at 960 MHz) are not limited to “thermal effects”. There was a significant change in cell proliferation between non-thermal exposure at either 39 or 35 degrees C, and non-exposed control cells.
Urological Research: Rats confined in plexiglas cages with cellular phone 0.5 cm under the cages, were exposed 2 hours/day for 1 month, 0.14 W/kg. Microscopic evaluation revealed significant changes in the testes of rats testes exposed to cell phones in speech mode.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences: RF EMF exposure (900 MHz) decreased the growth of staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa (causes pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and bacterial blood infection). Only staphylococcus aureus showed significantly increased resistance to the antibiotic amoxicillin (30 µg).
Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis: Non-thermal radio-frequency electromagnetic fields used in mobile phones cause DNA breakage in human and rat cells.
BioMed Research International: Nearly 100% of studies employing real mobile phone exposures reveal adverse effects, which include associations to brain tumors, declines in animal populations, and symptoms of un-wellness.
Environmental Health Perspectives: Interpreting studies on the health effects of radio frequency radiation should take financial sponsorship into account. In multivariate logistic regression analysis of studies funded by the telecommunication industry, the only factor that strongly predicted the reporting of statistically significant effects was whether or not the study was funded exclusively by industry. The role of the funding source in the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of the study needs to be revealed.
Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering: Increasing duration of exposure to electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phone simulators with a frequency of 900 MHz, especially after 24 hours of exposure, can increase antibiotic resistance in staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa (causes pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and bacterial blood infection).
Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology: The hazard ratio is 2.24 for glioblastoma, an extremely aggressive brain cancer, among cell phone users who began cell phone usage under the age of 20, see Tables 12 and 13.
Frontiers in Public Health: Current knowledge provides justification for governments, public health authorities, and physicians/allied health professionals to warn the population that having a cell phone next to the body is harmful, and to support measures to reduce all exposures to RFR.
International journal of environmental research and public health: The hazard ratio for glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer, is 2.0 among people who used mobile phones for 20 years; with the hazard ratio jumping to 3.4 among people who used cordless phones for 20 years. These hazard ratios increase 2% for each additional year of mobile or cordless phone use.
Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure: Children are at greater risk than adults when exposed to any carcinogen, and they absorb more microwave radiation than adults. The exposure limit for laptop computers and tablets is set when devices are tested 20 cm away from the body. Belgium, France, India and other technologically sophisticated governments are passing laws and/or issuing warnings about children’s use of wireless devices.
Addictive Behaviors: Patients diagnosed with “smartphone addiction” have reduced gray matter volume, undermining memory encoding and retrieval. Individuals with smartphone-related addictive behaviors should not assume smartphones are harmless.
Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research: There’s minimal evidence that excessive mobile use can be treated by therapeutic interventions. Mobile phone subscriptions increased from 2 billion to over 7 billion between 2005 and 2015, leading to problematic usage by some adolescents.
Toxicology Letters: Non-thermal RF-EMF ultrafine particles (i.e., under 0.1 microns) that are produced by combustion processes and emissions from wireless communication devices like mobile phones. These particles can be internalized by white blood cells, increasing free radical release.
Physics in Medicine and Biology: The geometry of a child’s head significantly increases mobile phone EMF absorption in the brain, eye, cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Children have especially high bone marrow conductivity, greatly increasing EMF absorption.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Specific absorption rate for people with metal-framed spectacles and metallic implants can exceed ANSI/IEEE standards in: a) Adults while using mobile phones at 900 MHz, and in b) Children while using mobile phones at 2100 MHz.
Mediators of Inflammation: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity consists of nonspecific multiple-organ symptoms implying both acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Diagnosis is feasible by analyzing blood for inflammation caused by “multiple chemical sensitivity” or other environmental “sensitivity-related illnesses”.
Medical Review (In Polish – “Przegla̧d Lekarski”): The worldwide number of people suffering from electromagnetic hypersensitivity is growing. They describe themselves as severely dysfunctional, and show multi-organ non-specific symptoms after exposure to low doses of electromagnetic radiation, often associated with hypersensitivity to chemical and other allergens.
Physics in Medicine and Biology: Specific absorption rates increase by factors of 400–700 in tissue surfaces adjacent to metallic implants, i.e., pins and rings near mobile phones. Increases were greatest when implants were on the skin, and had a resonance length or diameter, when exposed to 900 or 1800 MHz cell phones. Specific absorption rates averaged over 1 and 10 gram masses increased by factors of 3 and 2, respectively. At typical power levels of mobile phones the enhancement is unlikely to be problematic.
Himalayan Physics: EMF radiated from mobile phones were two times higher during speaking that listening. During contact with the base station, the field was much higher than the 42 V/m that is the limit specified by the ICNIRP. It must be noted that, a max SAR value of 10.8 W/kg gives rise to a temperature rise in the brain of about 0.931 deg C.
La Medicina Del Lavoro (Occupation Medicine – Italian): Uncertainties complicate preventive examinations that protect European Union healthcare workers operating MRI equipment, at non-thermal exposures to 10 to 1,000 HZ, and RF EMF at 1 MHz to 300 MHz. Observed symptoms include reversible arrhythmia (possibly leading to ventricular fibrillation); decreased working memory and eye-hand coordination; and changes in blood pressure/heart-rate. NOTE: See industry criticism of the EU’s occupational health regulation (i.e., Directive 2004/40/EC).
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine: Evaluation of auditory thresholds for RF pulses generated by MRI coils (2.4 to 170 MHz, 16 +/- 4 mJ). Resonance mode for the skull was 1.7 kHz, with 11 kHz for the brain.
Perceptual and Motor Skills: Applied electromagnetic patterns, with energy levels which are potentially within the range of both geomagnetic activity and contemporary communication networks, might allow all normal human brains to be affected by subharmonic frequency ranges around 10 Hz, +/- 0.1 Hz.
Perceptual and Motor Skills: Electromagnetic equivalents (1 µT) of the acoustic signature for spoken words, applied across the temporoparietal lobes, correlates among participants who selected the target word within a group of words. Study discusses neurocognitive detection of emotional components of words, when transformed to electromagnetic equivalents.
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology: A significant limitation of transcranial magnetic stimulation is that the magnetic pulse delivery is associated with a loud clicking sound as high as 140 dB resulting from electromagnetic forces. There are concerns about hearing loss, induction of tinnitus, as well as tolerability.
IEEE Xplore: A young child’s skull is not only smaller and thinner than an adult’s, but also has dielectric characteristics closer to those of soft tissues, probably due to a higher water content. Simulations confirm field penetration and higher specific absorption rate in deeper structures of the young brain. RF EMF absorption in a child’s brain is higher than in an adult’s brain.
IEEE Xplore: Higher doses in children are even more important in light of evidence that has emerged over the past 15 years suggesting adverse effects from radiofrequency radiation that are completely unrelated to heating. These may include: increased permeability of the blood-brain-barrier, genotoxic effects on human cell lines, brain cancer, acoustic neuroma, and sperm damage.
Scandinavian Audiology: Profoundly hard-of-hearing and deaf patients who were candidates for cochlear implants were examined by non-invasive extracranial electromagnetic stimulation (EMS). Although EMS evoked auditory sensations in most patients, severe cochlear damage and permanent hearing loss occurred in lab animals.
Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy: The microwave auditory effect is the only well-established specific effect in realistic microwave exposure situations. The threshold for the effect depends on the energy density per pulse and may be as low as 20 mJ/m2 for people with low hearing threshold.
Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology: The acoustic artifact produced by the extracranial magnetic field stimulation coils in some clinical instruments may pose risks of temporary and permanent hearing loss in patients and clinicians when held in close proximity to the unprotected ear. Initial studies suggest that the magnetic field alone did not cause permanent hearing impairment.
Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology: Extracranial electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) of human head models had impulse noise levels associated with hearing loss. Ear protectors reduced sound pressures reaching model head ear canals by 15-22 dB, and are recommended for patients exposed to EMS.
Physics in Medicine and Biology: Evaluates how the shape of microwave pulses affects the sound wave amplitudes generated in an irradiated spherical head model. Also evaluates thresholds for human hearing effects as pulse repetition frequency is varied.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine: To avoid RF-evoked sound pressure levels in the head rising above the discomfort threshold at 110 dB, an upper limit of 30 kW applied peak pulse power is suggested for MRI head coils and 6 kW for surface coils.
Journal of the American Medical Association: Persistent cognitive, inner ear/balance, and eye movement dysfunction, as well as sleep impairment and headaches, were observed among US government personnel in Havana, Cuba, associated with reports of directional audible and/or sensory phenomena of unclear origin. These individuals appeared to have sustained injury to widespread brain networks without an associated history of head trauma.
Clinical Neurophysiology: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation creates a loud clicking sound simultaneous with exposure to magnetic pulses. It has potential for “auditory cognitive neuroscience” (i.e., perception of speech, music, natural sounds, emotion, memory, attention and production of auditory events), along with treating tinnitis. See patent for “RF Hearing Effect“.
US Army Medical Intelligence and Information Agency: Soviet and Eastern European scientists believe that biological harm occurs at non-thermal power densities. If Western nations strictly enforce stringent, non-thermal exposure standards, unfavorable effects on industrial output and military functions may occur. Eurasian communist countries could give lip service to strict standards, allowing their military to gain the advantage in electronic warfare and antipersonnel applications.
Aerospace Medicine: Deaf subjects with 50 decibel hearing loss could hear RF sounds approximating perception in normal subjects. When asked to localize the source of the RF sound, the apparent source was a short distance behind their head, regardless of where the RF field was located.
Journal of Applied Physiology: Electromagnetic fields generate sounds in normal and deaf humans, several hundred feet from the antenna. Attempts were made to match sounds induced by electromagnetic and acoustic energy. The closest match occurred when the acoustic amplifier was driven by the RF transmitter’s modulator, down to 400 μw/cm², 425 to 1,310 MHz.
Joint Publications Research Service (U.S./U.S.S.R., 1974): The U.S. once recognized non-thermal biological effects of RF EMF, including changes in: body weight; arterial pressure; reproductive function; central nervous system; and electromyography (muscle control signals). Reference Page 13, Table 1 “Experimental Studies on the Biological Effects of Very Low Intensity Microwaves (150 μW/cm²)”. Also reference Page 41, Table 1, distances for signal to reach 1 or 10 μW/cm², for millimeter and centimeter waves. Safe distances range from 1,200 to 3,800 meters.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine: Significant correlation between cell phone signal strength and decreased perceptual accuracy/headaches, between 20 and 600 meters from cell phone towers in Vienna and Carinthia, Austria (900 MHz, average 20 to 50 μW/m², maximum 4.1 mW/m²). Cell phone towers should be located to minimize neighbors’ exposure.
Environmental Reviews (Canadian Science Publishing): Hard and fast setbacks are difficult to recommend in all circumstances. Deployment of base stations should be kept as efficient as possible to avoid exposure of the public to unnecessary high levels of RFR. As a general guideline, cell base stations should not be located less than 1500 ft (about 500 meters) from the population, and at a height of about 150 ft (about 50 meters).
Journal of Hygiene Research (Chinese): Pregnant women should limit use of RF EMF devices, or increase distance. Observed a six to seven fold increase of cases where embryo growth ceases during the first three months of pregnancy. Distances to cell towers should exceed 500 meters; high voltage lines should exceed 100 meters.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health: Increased prevalence of adverse neurobehavioral symptoms or cancer in populations living closer than 500 meters from cell phone towers, despite exposure levels within international safety guidelines
Science of the Total Environment: Mortality rate from neoplasia was 34.76 per 10,000 inhabitants within 500 meters of cell phone towers in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Outside of these areas, neoplasia deaths were significantly reduced. The largest density power was 40.78 μW/cm², and the smallest was 0.04 μW/cm².
Environmental Medicine Society (German): Cancer cases increased significantly among people living within 400 meters of a new cell phone tower (935 MHz) in Naila, Germany. Cancer rates close to the tower increased by a factor of 3.11 during the second five year period of the cell phone tower’s operation, and 1.26 during the first five-year period. Cancer patients near the new tower fell ill on average, 8 years earlier.
International Journal of Cancer Prevention: Population living within 350 meters of a 850 MHz, 1500 watt cell phone tower in Netanya, Israel experienced a 4 fold cancer increase (i.e., carcinoma of the breast, ovary, lung, kidney, bone, and Hodgkin’s disease). Obvious potentially confounding variables were ruled out.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Residents living within 80 meters of cell phone towers have significantly more DNA damage and antioxidants in peripheral blood lymphocytes, compared to residents 300 meters from cell phone towers. Study funded by the Government of India, and New Delhi.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Statistically significant genetic damage in blood leukocytes in residents living within 300 meters of a 800–2200 MHz cell phone tower in Punjab, India. The power density in the area within 300 m from the base station exceeded permissive limits.
Pathology Biology (France): Distance from cell phone base station correlates with: a) Fatigue to a distance of 200 to 300 meters; b) Headaches, sleep disturbances, and feelings of discomfort at distances up to 200 meters; c) Irritability, depressive tendencies, and lowering of libido up to 100 meters; and d) Nausea, loss of appetite, visual disturbances at distances to 10 meters. Symptoms significantly more common for women, and older subjects. Human occupancy should exceed 300 meters from cell phone base stations. (Full text link: Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine)
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Residents of Isfahan, Iran had significantly elevated nausea, headache, dizziness, irritability, discomfort, nervousness, depression, sleep disturbance, memory loss and lowered libido if they live closer than 300 meters from mobile phone base station antennas. Suggest locating base station antennas at least 300 meters from populations. (Publication “retracted” due to overlap with the following “Diyala Journal of Medicine” study)
Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Diyala Journal of Medicine): Residents of Baquba, Iraq had significantly elevated headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbances, irritability, feeling of discomfort, dizziness, and cardiovascular problems if they lived closer than 100 meters to mobile phone base stations. Advisable to locate cellular phone base stations further than 300 meters from population centers as a precautionary measure, to minimize neighbors’ exposure.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: La Ñora, Murcia, Spain residents had statistically significant exposure-response associations between RFR intensity and fatigue, irritability, headaches, nausea, loss of appetite, sleeping disorder, depressive tendency, feeling of discomfort, difficulty in concentration, loss of memory, visual disorder, dizziness and cardiovascular problems. Severity of the symptoms lessen at distances exceeding 250 meters from the antenna, once exposures drop below 0.1 µW/cm², i.e., far below the Spanish and European “safety standard” of 450 µW/cm² at frequencies of 900 MHz.
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine: Risk factors for pregnant women in Beijing who suffered spontaneous abortions include living within 100 meters of a cell phone tower.
Saudi Medical Journal: Fetal and neonatal heart rate increases, and cardiac output decreases when pregnant women in Cairo Egypt were exposed to non-thermal radiation from a 900 MHz cell phone, held on the right side of the head, in dialing mode, for 3 cycles of 10 minutes on/10 minutes off.
Scientific Reports: Miscarriage risk increased 2.72-fold when exposed to magnetic frequencies (from <2.5 to ≥6.3 mG), it was consistently observed regardless of the source. The association was much stronger if magnetic frequencies are measured on a typical day of the participants’ pregnancies.
American Journal of Epidemiology: Pregnancies of mothers reporting radio- and microwave-frequency electromagnetic radiation use 6 months prior to the pregnancy or during the first trimester were more likely to result in miscarriage. Miscarriage risk increases with the level of exposure.
Pathology Biology (France): Age correlates with sensitivity of subjects living within 100 meters of cell phone base stations. Locations facing the antennas are the worst position for experiencing symptoms studied.
International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences: Keep distance away from mast at least 20 meters, technicians should avoid crowding a location with multiple masts.
Oncology Letters: Cell phone tower placement caused exposures in Stockholm, Sweden apartments to vary between 0.10 V m⁻¹ (or 26 µW/m²) and 6 V m⁻¹ (or 95,141 µW/m²). Good mobile phone reception was achieved in each apartment. Installation of cell phone towers close to residences cannot be used as justification for good reception.
Oncology Letters: Among eleven thousand radiofrequency radiation measurements throughout Stockholm, Sweden in 2017, all exceeded the target level of 30-60 µW/m² criteria established for non-thermal exposure, according to the BioInitiative Report. Exposure levels will increase with 5G service.
Oncology Letters: Excessive radiation exposure measured in a Stockholm apartment located 12 meters from cell phone antennas on the roof of an adjacent building. (Mean RF radiation level was 3,811 µW/m², ranging from 15.2 to 112,318 µW/m²). 5GFFF Editor’s Note: Exposures were far below ICNIRP standards, but above the precautionary target level of 3–6 µW/m², as proposed by the Bioinitiative Report. (Frequencies for Wi-Fi at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz; and 4G at 800 MHz).
Neurotoxicology: The prevalence of neuropsychiatric effects such as headache, memory changes, dizziness, tremors, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance were significantly higher among Menoufiya, Egypt residents in buildings adjacent to roof-mounted cell phone antennas (Exposure during study 0.002 to 0.0067 mW/cm²; Egyptian maximum permissible exposure limits = 0.008 mW/cm² for continuous exposure; 0.4 mW/cm² for intermittent exposure).
Occupational Medicine (Polish): Survey revealed that people living in the vicinity of base stations report circulatory system problems, sleep disturbances, irritability, depression, blurred vision, concentration difficulties, nausea, lack of appetite, headache and vertigo.
Environmental Medicine Society (German): Elevated levels of stress hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline), and lowered dopamine and PEA levels found in the urine of residents during the first 6 months of activating the first cell tower in Rimbach, Germany. The cell tower’s activation also correlated with increases in sleep problems, headache, vertigo, concentration problems, and allergies. Elevated stress hormone levels persisted throughout the first 1.5 years of this experiment.
Scientific Reports: First experimental evidence (in mice) of neuropathology due to in-utero cellular telephone radiation.
Frontiers in Public Health: Mean exposure to RF EMF in Swedish schools ranged from 1.1 to 66.1 µW/m², with a high of 396.6 µW/m² in WiFi mode, and 82,857 µW/m² during mobile phone uplink. Exposures were far below ICNIRP standards, but above the precautionary target level of 3–6 µW/m², as proposed by the Bioinitiative Report. (Frequencies for Wi-Fi at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz; and 4G at 800 MHz).
PLOS One: Simultaneous exposure to lead and RF from mobile phone use was associated with increased ADHD symptom risk.
Epidemiology: Exposure to cell phones prenatally-and, to a lesser degree, postnatally-was associated with behavioral difficulties such as emotional and hyperactivity problems around the age of school entry
Journal of Laryngology and Otology: Inner ear cellular structural damage in rats caused by radiofrequency radiation exposure during development.
International Forum on Allergy and Rhinology: Rats exposed to 2100 MHz had damaged nasal mucus membrane with decreased self clearing mechanisms.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: 900 MHz radiation emitted from mobile/cellular phones can be an agent to alter some biomolecules such as protein
Scientific Reports: First direct evidence for neurological effects of RF-EMF exposure (835-MHz; 4.0 W/kg SAR; 5 h daily for 12 weeks), including changes in neurotransmitter levels in the mouse brain and in the level of difficulty of locomotor recovery after MPTP treatment.
Bioelectromagnetics: The genotoxic effect of electromagnetic radiation (830 MHz, 1.6 to 8.8 W/kg) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes is elicited via a non-thermal pathway. Result is a major “somatic mutation”, leading to genomic instability that can result in cancer.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: Four week exposure to 1.8 GHz RF EMF in adolescent male mice correlates with increased anxiety, based on significant decreases after RF exposure of γ-aminobutyric acid and aspartic acid in the brain.
Brain Research: Lab rats with prenatal exposure to RF EMF (900 MHz; 2 W/kg; 0.6 to 1.4 mW/cm²; 60 minutes/day) have decreased brain cells in the region responsible for episodic memories, and spontaneous exploration of novel environments.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: Among 62 studies that investigated the effects of RF EMF fields on spatial memory and place learning, published between 1993 and 2019, twenty one studies reported significant impairments or deficits, while four studies reported beneficial consequences.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: (1) The difference between ELF-EMF-exposed and control cells as well as the ‘effect size’ due to ELF-EMF exposure were biologically small (although statistically significant) with very few exceptions. (2) At certain ELF-EMF exposure conditions there was a statistically significant increase in genetic damage assessed from some end-points. (3) The mean indices for chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei end-points in ELF-EMF-exposed and control cells were within the spontaneous levels reported in historical database. (4) Considerable evidence for publication bias was found in the meta-analysis.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology: 22 healthy fertile male volunteers, ages 20-35 years, were recruited from Faisalabad, Pakistan. The mean fast progressive sperm percentage and non-motile percentage were significantly (lower (4.28%) and higher (4.06%), respectively) in the group group exposed to 900 MHz to 1.800 GHz cell phone radiation, compared to un-exposed group.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine: Duration of exposure to the waves emitted by the GSM cell phones associated with higher percentage of sperm cells of abnormal morphology, and a decrease in the percentage of sperm cells in vital progressing motility. The 15% of married couples in Poland with fertility problems may have causes including exposure to chemicals, ionizing radiation, stress, and EMF.
Radiation Research: Genetically cancer-prone lab mice had 2.4 times the cancer rate of unexposed mice, after being exposed (900 MHz; pulse repetition frequency 217 Hz; 2.6-13 W/m²; 0.008-4.2 W/kg, averaging 0.13-1.4 W/kg).
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health: Eighty-five percent of the people who consulted public authorities about RF EMF symptoms were unsatisfied with responses. Consultation with self-help groups or building ecologists usually fulfilled expectations.
Clinical Biochemistry: Long term exposure to RF EMF (950 MHz; per ICNIRP-guidelines for limiting EMF to non-thermal exposure) caused reduction in female plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, serum cortisol, thyroid hormones (especially T₃), serum prolactin, and testosterone levels. Need to educate public about the hazardous outcomes of long term exposure to RFR. (Full text link)
Pathophysiology: Swedish youth who began using either cordless or mobile phones regularly before age 20 have greater than a fourfold increased risk of ipsilateral glioma. Pregnant women should keep cellphones away from their abdomen and men who wish to become fathers should not keep these phones on while in their pocket. (Full text link)
Pathophysiology: Mobile phone use associated with a 3-fold increase in the risk of glioma (a brain cancer), among people with over 25 years latency. Cordless phones increased the risk to 1.4 fold among people with 15-20 years of latency. The highest risk was found for glioma in the temporal lobe. First use of mobile or cordless phone before the age of 20 gave higher risk of glioma than in later age groups.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: Use of wireless phones for 20+ years reduced survival rates for cancer patients with glioma (nervous system cancer) and astrocytoma (brain cancer). RF-EMF should be regarded as a human carcinogen.
Anatomy and Cell Biology: The reproductive capacity of neural stem cells is significantly affected by cell phone radiation exposure (900-MHz, 2.287 W/kg, duration 0, 15, 30, and 120 minutes). A significant decrease in neural stem cell clusters and cluster diameters was observed as exposure time increases.
Environmental Health Perspectives: Stem cells react to more radio frequencies than other cells, thus they should be analyzed when validating: a) Cancer risk, and b) Safe mobile communication signals. Stem cells were the most affected cells in this study, at cell phone frequencies of 915 MHz and 1.947 GHz.
Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering: Human stem cell viability and proliferation rates were significantly reduced for stem cells that develop into connective tissues, bones, blood, and the lymph system, after exposure to cell phone RF EMF (GSM 900 MHz; 0.795 and 2 W/kg; 354.6 µW/cm²) – i.e., a non-thermal exposure.
Scientific Reports: Development of mouse embryonic neural stem cells were impaired by exposure to RF-EMF (1800 MHz; 4 W/kg; 3 day exposure). Results identify a potentially hazardous effect of RF-EMF exposure on brain development at lower intensities over longer exposure times. More attention should be given to the potential adverse effects of RF-EMF exposure on brain development.
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine: Both the pathophysiological (i.e., single-strand DNA breaks in cells) and therapeutic (bone growth) effects associated with non-thermal EMF effects in humans and higher animals is based on voltage-gated calcium channels.
Reviews on Environmental Health: Hundreds of studies show non-thermal exposure to microwaves induces negative biological impacts, contradicting the assumptions of a Canadian “Safety” Panel. Problems repeatedly associated with non-thermal exposure include: cancer; broken DNA; male/female infertility; sleep disruption; heart problems (i.e., tachycardia, arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death); diverse neuropsychiatric effects including depression; and oxidative stress. Voltage-gated calcium channel activation induces biological impacts at non-thermal RF EMF levels.
Brain and Behavior: Mobile phone radiation induces chemical changes in the brain which are associated with memory deficits.
Pathophysiology: Elevated risk for malignant melanoma in the head and neck region among cell phone users who started using cell phones before the age of 20 years.
Pathophysiology: Consistent pattern of an increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma after at least 10 years of mobile phone use. The current standard for exposure to microwaves during mobile phone use is not safe for long-term exposure and needs to be revised.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Among 100 currently available peer-reviewed studies dealing with oxidative effects of low-intensity radio frequency radiation, 93 identified oxidative effects. Cancer and non-cancer pathologies are among the results.
Archives of Environmental Health: Correlation between melanoma incidence and the number of FM radio (i.e. frequency modulated – 87.5-108 MHz) transmitters. Melanoma is associated with exposure to frequency modulated broadcasting.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Melanoma, breast, and other cancers significantly associated with the density of FM broadcasting (i.e. frequency modulated – 87.5-108 MHz transmitters) in the European countries examined
Medical Science Monitor: The rapid rise in melanoma skin cancer after 1955 correlates with the rollout of FM/TV broadcasting (i.e. frequency modulated transmitters). Disturbance of cell repair mechanisms by body-resonant electromagnetic fields amplifies carcinogenic effects resulting from cell damage by UV solar radiation.
European Journal of Cancer Prevention: Strong association between cancer risk and the use of horizontally polarized FM broadcasting radiation (i.e. frequency modulated – 87.5-108 MHz). This information should form the basis for initiating relevant corrective actions by responsible authorities.
American Journal of Epidemiology: Children who reside within 2 km of the nearest AM radio transmitter are significantly more likely to develop leukemia, as compared with children residing over 20 km from AM radio transmitters. (300 kHz to 3 GHz; 0.2 to 4 V/M) (Full text link)
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health: Elevated cancer rates and mortality were documented within 2 kilometers of 100 to 500 kilowatt AM radio broadcasting towers in Korea.
American Journal of Epidemiology: Male mortality and childhood leukemia risks significantly declined with increasing distance from Rome, Italy radio and TV station transmitters (100 kHz to 300 GHz).
Cancers: Strong correlations between: a) Wavelength of the FM band (i.e., 87–108 MHz), b) Timeline for rapid increases in FM radio and TV broadcasting in Nordic countries, c) The human body’s geometry and ability to absorb radiation, and d) Cancer.
Radiation Research: Covid and exposure to acute radiation cause similar multi-system damage involving cytokine storms, increased pro-inflammatory molecules and decreased anti-inflammatory molecules. Patients with underlying medical conditions are especially vulnerable, both to covid and acute radiation exposure.
American Journal of Epidemiology: Increasing distance from British radio and TV transmitters significantly correlates with declining risks for adult leukemia, skin, and bladder cancers.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Exponential increase in Estonia’s melanoma rate, as predicted in 2002, was confirmed in 2016. Projected medical impacts were based on Nordic data applied to the roll-out of FM broadcasting after Estonia’s independence from the U.S.S.R.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology: Radiation from cell phones, laptops, Wi-Fi and microwave ovens may contributes to male infertility. In-vitro and in-vivo studies suggest RF-EMF exposure negatively affects sperm quality.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology: The maximum acceptable exposure limit should be lowered for cellular phones. Non-thermal RF-EMW from commercially available cell phones might affect the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine: Data indicates serious hazards related to overuse of cell phones, and thus illustrate detrimental potential effects of microwaves on the brain that appear to lead to the development of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Journal of Cellular Physiology: Association between childhood cancers, particularly leukemia and brain cancer, and exposure to low- and high-frequency EMF suggested a causal role of 900 MHz EMFs.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: 900 MHz electromagnetic field regulates gene expression in T-lymphoblastoid leukemia.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: Elementary school students exposed to higher RF-EMFR from nearby cell phone base stations have significantly higher rates of HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin). Their risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus is significantly higher than students in elementary schools located over 1 KM from cell phone base stations.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Cell phone radiation elevated blood glucose in a Type 1 diabetic patient, affecting glucose transport proteins/ion channels, insulin conformational changes, and oxidative stress.
Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering: 900 MHz cell phone radiation associated with diseased pancreas and liver cells in rats.
Journal of the International Society of Preventative and Community Dentistry: Closer proximity to mobile phone base stations in India was found to correlate with hypertension, sleep disturbances, headache, dizziness, irritability, concentration difficulties, and reduced salivary secretion.
Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science (Ukraine): Exposure of developing quail eggs to low-intensity microwave from 900 MHz cell phone resulted in damaged DNA, likely caused by modulating EMF.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: Talking on a mobile phone for 15 or 30 min significantly increased single-strand DNA breaks in cells of hair roots close to the phone. Significantly more damage resulted after 30 min than after 15 min of phone use
Journal of Psychosomatic Research: Patient management strategy should distinguish between patients with electromagnetic hypersensitivity symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, somatization, exhaustion, and stress) and patients with symptoms related to specific EMF sources.
Lancet: Resting blood pressure increases during exposure to RF EMF from a cell phone (i.e., Non-thermal), 900 MHz, 2 Watt, 217 Hz.
Reviews on Environmental Health: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity is an EMF-related health problem that warrants a new designation under the “International Classification of Diseases”.
Neurological Sciences: Mobile phone radiation could affect emotionality of rats without affecting general locomotion.
Epidemiology: Miscarriage risk correlates with increasing exposure to magnetic fields above 16 milligauss.
Clinics (Sao Paulo): Non-thermal exposure to radiation from GSM cell phones (0.9/1.8 GHz, 1 hour/day for 28 days) induces oxidative stress and reduces sperm motility in rats
American Journal of Mens Health: Male teenage student cognitive function declines with increasing levels of cell phone base station radiation exposure in schools.
Industrial Health: Calls on a cell phone appear to alter the heart rate in healthy subjects.
International Journal for Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine: Electromagnetic radiation-induced oxidative stress could be one of the underlying causes for the behavioral deficits seen in rats after RF-EMR exposure.
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology: Damaging effects of nonionizing radiation result from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent radical formation and from direct damage to cellular macromolecules including DNA. Depression, memory status, insomnia, and hair loss, were significantly associated with exposure to EMR.
International Journal for Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Medicine: Electromagnetic radiation-induced oxidative stress could be one of the underlying causes for the behavioral deficits seen in rats after RF-EMR exposure.
Environmental Reviews (Canadian Science Publishing): Wide ranging overview of peer-reviewed studies showing harmful effects from RF EMF.
Toxicology and Industrial Health: Maternal exposure to mobile phones adversely affects the cognitive performance of both female and male offspring rats using behavioral and electrophysiological techniques.
Archives of Medical Research: Immature rats exposed to 900-MHz electromagnetic fields suffer irreversible oxidative damage in the major lymphoid organs, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Long-term exposure to 900 MHz RF radiation alters reproductive parameters in rats.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation increases carbonyl protein in rat brains.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: EMF frequencies of 900 and 2100 MHz have differing effects on proteins in the hippocampus of Wistar rats.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: Neuronal hippocampus damage from prenatal exposure to 900 MHz EMF can be mitigated by melatonin and omega-3.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: Prenatal exposure of rat kidneys to 900 MHz EMF resulted in increased total kidney volume and decreased the numbers of glomeruli. Melatonin and omega-3 prevented adverse effects of EMF on the kidneys.
Bioelectromagnetics: 915 MHz cell phone radiation affects expression of genes in rat brain cells.
Mutation Research: Single and double DNA strand breaks occurred after RF-EMF exposure (1800 MHz; 1.2 and 2 W/kg; different modulations; 4, 16 and 24 hour exposure; intermittent 5 min on/10 min off or continuous wave). The induced DNA damage was not based on thermal effects.
International Journal of Andrology: Significant genotoxic effect on epididymal spermatozoa (i.e., sperm after development in testes) in mice exposed to low power RF EMF (900 MHz; 90 mW/kg – i.e., non-thermal exposure; 12 hours/day; for 7 days).
Journal of Andrology: Sperm from men using mobile phones is less concentrated, has decreased motility (particularly rapid progressive motility), and decreased viability. These abnormalities seem to be directly related to the duration of mobile phone use.
First International Journal of Andrology: Cell phone use negatively affects sperm quality in men. Patients using cell phones had significantly higher testosterone and lower luteinising hormone levels than those who did not use cell phones.
Archives of Andrology: Cell phone possession and the daily transmission time correlated: a) Negatively with the proportion of rapid progressive motile sperm, and b) Positively with the proportion of slow progressive motile sperm. The prolonged use of cell phones may have negative effects on the sperm motility characteristics. (See full text of study)
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology: A significant decrease in total sperm count along with increased cell death in male rats exposed to RF EMF (2 hours/day, 35 days, 0.9 W/kg). Decrease in sperm count and an increase in apoptosis may be causative factor due to mobile radiation exposure leading to infertility.
Brain Research: 900 MHz electromagnetic fields cause blood-brain barrier damage and cognitive impairment in rats
Mutation Research: 900MHz radiofrequency fields cause mitochondrial DNA and oxidative damage.
National Toxicology Program: Increased malignant schwannomas and cardiomyopathy found in the hearts of rats after exposure to increasing levels of radiofrequency radiation at and above allowable limits for cell phone emissions.
Bioelectromagnetics: Intermittent exposure to cell phone electromagnetic fields causes small short- and medium-term effects on cerebral blood circulation and heart rate.
Metabolic Brain Disease: Exposure to cell phone electromagnetic radiation, vibration, and ringtone produced a significant effect on anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress in rats.
Journal of Plant Signaling and Behavior: The proportion of plant cells directly interacting with EMF radiation at the organism/environment interface is much higher in plants than it is in animals, making them especially suited to study EMF effects on life. An organism’s general architecture is of primary importance for its ability to perceive electromagnetic radiation.
International Journal of Forestry Research: Aspen seedling growth in a Faraday cage and mock Faraday cage were evaluated after exposure to ambient radio signals (1.0 MHz to 3.0 GHz; Mean field intensity −109 dBm). The RF shielded plants produced 74% longer shoots, and 60% more leaf area. Autumn pigmentation of exposed leaves resembles many Fairbanks aspen (i.e. abnormal gray to brown dead leaf tissue, see photos).
Science of the Total Environment: Significant differences found between the damaged side of trees that face a phone mast and the opposite side, as well as differences between the exposed side of damaged trees and all other groups of trees in both sides. Thus, we found that side differences in measured values of power flux density corresponded to side differences in damage.
BioMed Research International: Exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields damages plants at the cellular, molecular, and entire organism scales. Metabolic activities are modified, gene expression is altered, and growth is reduced.
Journal of Trace and Microphobe Techniques: Flax is well suited for studying the effects of electromagnetic radiation. Calcium-deprived seedlings flax seedlings exposed for 2 hours to the radiation from a GSM telephone 0.9 GHz (i.e., at non-thermal levels) respond similarly to a minute of cold shock exposure.
Journal of Plant Signaling and Behavior: High frequency low amplitude EMF causes enhanced expression of at least one plant-wound gene.
Journal of Plant Signaling and Behavior: Plants undergo physiological modification after exposure to RF EMF. The energy status of plant cells (i.e., as characterized by ATP and AEC) rapidly declines after exposure to RF EMF.
Journal of Plant Signaling and Behavior: An organism’s general architecture is of primary importance for its ability to perceive electromagnetic radiation. The proportion of plant cells directly interacting with EMF radiation at the organism/environment interface is much higher in plants than it is in animals, making them especially suited to study EMF effects on life.
Journal of Biosciences: Cell phone radiation causes biochemical changes that impair the early growth of mung bean seedlings.
Science of the Total Environment: 900 MHz cell phone radiation inhibits root growth in mung beans.
Environmental Health Perspectives: Highly significant evidence of neuronal damage in the cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia in the brains of rats exposed for 2 hours to mobile phone RF EMF (915 MHz; 0.24. 2.4, and 24 W/m²; 2 mW/kg, 20 mW/kg, and 200 mW/kg). This is the first evidence of neuronal damage from non-thermal RF EMF.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health: Studies with duration that exceeds expected latency period are consistently finding an increased cancer risk associated with mobile phone use.
American Journal of Epidemiology: Positive, dose-related association between cellular phone use and parotid gland tumors.
British Medical Journal (BMJ): Consistent increased risk for acoustic neuroma and glioma.
International Journal of Oncology: Consistent association between mobile phone use and ipsilateral glioma and acoustic neuroma.
Surgical Neurology: Epidemiological evidence suggests a link between prolonged cell phone usage and the development of brain tumors on the side of the head that an individual uses for cell phone calls.
Surgical Neurology: Short term studies that find no association between cell phone usage and cancer miss the problem. Incorporating cell phone billing records for the 10 years prior addresses the long latency time for RF EMF health effects.
European Journal of Cancer Prevention: Brain tumors correlate with side of the brain used during cell phone calls.
International Journal of Oncology: Location of tumors correlate with side of head exposed to cell phone radiation.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: Cellular phone use significantly increases risk for malignant brain tumors.
European Journal of Cancer Prevention: Cellular telephone use increases risk of tumors near point of exposure.
Epidemiology: Increased acoustic neuroma risk associated with mobile phone usage of at least 10 years.
International Journal of Oncology: Carcinogenesis affected by exposure to radio frequency and electromagnetic fields.
Bratislava Medical Journal (Russian): One hour per day exposure to a 900 MHz cell phone, with a power density of 146.60 µW/cm², induced oxidative stress in rat brains, resulting in altered behavioral performance.
Radiation Biology Ecology (Russian): Based on biological effects observed in rats exposed to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz, a power density of 25 µW/cm² (or 250 mW/m²) is recommended as the threshold for observable radio-frequency biological impacts. (FFF Editor’s Note: By comparison the US safety standard allows a 40-fold higher exposure, i.e., 10 W/m²).
Radiation Biology Ecology (Russian): Exposure of rats to low-intensity 900 MHz frequency electromagnetic fields cause changes in their energetic metabolism, regardless of whether the exposure was for 2 hours, or a fraction of 2 hours.
Differentiation – Research in Biological Diversity: GSM mobile phone radiation (900 MHz, 1-hour non-thermal exposure) facilitates development of brain cancer, by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability due to likely accumulation of brain tissue damage.
Reproductive Health: Non-thermal RF-EMF (900 MHz, 0.66 W/kg, 2 hours/day, for 50 days) triggers death of rat sperm, resulting in male infertility.
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics: 3G mobile phone radiation affects the brain function and causes several neurological disorders.
Medscape General Medicine: Cellular telephone use is associated with an increased risk of brain tumors in area with highest exposure.
Experimental Oncology: Revised safety limits needed to mitigate the human brain’s exposure to excessive mobile phone radiation.
Journal of the American Medical Association: Brain glucose metabolism increases in the region closest to the antenna during 50-minute cell phone exposure – effects remain unknown.
Environment International: Decline in memory performance over one year associated with duration of wireless phone use.
Pathophysiology: Short-term memory in mice is affected by mobile phone radiation
Reviews on Environmental Health: Long-term exposure to EMF is a risk factor for cancer, Alzheimer’s, and male infertility… Treatment should focus on the prevention or reduction of EMF exposure.
Neurology: Electromagnetic field exposure is etiologically associated (i.e. cause demonstrated) with the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.
Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine: Mobile phone use has a significant negative impact on the working memory performance of human participants.
Medical Science Monitor Basic Research: Acute exposure to electromagnetic waves correlates with epileptic seizures in mice.
Pathophysiology: Existing EMF public safety limits are inadequate to protect public health. New public safety limits, as well as limits on further deployment of untested technologies, are warranted.
Scientific Reports: Electromagnetic radiation at 835 MHz and 4.0 W/kg induced demyelination, hyperactivity, and autophagy in mice – demyelination commonly results in multiple sclerosis. Note the FCC limit for cell phone radiation is 1.6 W/kg.
Bioelectromagnetics: Lymphocytes exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields and 915 MHz microwaves can induce comparable responses, both in healthy and hypersensitive donors. Effects are similar to stress response induced by heat shock.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health: RF-EMF exposure associated with: a) Significant morphological lesions in the myelin sheath of rats; b) A greater risk of multiple sclerosis in a study subgroup; c) Effects in proteins related to myelin production; and d) Physical symptoms in individuals with functional impairment electro-hypersensitivity, similar to demyelination symptoms.
Bioelectromagnetics: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity symptoms appear before subjects start questioning effects of EMF on their health. This is inconsistent with EMF hypersensitivity originating as a psychosomatic response to perceived EMF exposure. (Full Text)
Scientific Reports: Radiation from cell phones at 800-1900 MHz causes neuropathology in the offspring of pregnant mice.
Scientific Reports: Brainstem auditory circuits can be affected by 1850 MHz electromagnetic fields shortly after birth.
Journal of International Medical Research: Microwave exposure produces non-thermal effects at the cellular and molecular levels that correlate with damage to lens tissues in the eye, and may be cataractogenic.
Reviews on Environmental Health: Existing standards for radiofrequency exposure are inadequate… The cost of doing nothing will result in many young people developing cancer.
Pathophysiology: Rat blood-brain barrier has increased permeability at 7 and 14 days after 2 hours of exposure to non-thermal radiation from 900 MHz cell phones.
Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology: Statistically significant cluster of 12 acute leukemia cases among children living within 2.6 miles of the radio towers, between 1979 and 1990, on Waianae Coast, Hawaii.
Practical Veterinary Surgeon (German): Dairy cows in close proximity to new TV and radio antennas (87 MHz to 18.7 GHz) had significantly reduced milk production, reduced their grazing time to a few minutes before “taking cover” from the antennas, and suffered conjunctivitis. An afflicted cow was moved 20 km from the antennas, the cow returned to normal, but problems quickly recurred when the cow was returned to the new antennas. After publicizing this case, other farmers reported similar results.
Science of the Total Environment: 900 MHz mobile phone radiation significantly reduced the hatching ratio of queen honey bees.
Science of the Total Environment: RF EMF exposure near cell phone towers alters insect/bird receptor organs that orient them with the earth’s magnetic field. Wildlife implications near cell phone towers in urban, natural, and protected areas.
Science of the Total Environment: Effects of radio transmitters on animals include reduced survival, decreased productivity, changes in behavior and movement patterns and a biased sex ratio. Electromagnetic radiation produced by radio transmitters has not been considered so far in research.
Apidologie (Biology of Insects): Increased mortality among 8 day old honey bees when exposed to 13.56 MHz and 868 MHz. Recommend limiting honeybees to 2 hours per day exposure to radio waves.
Journal of Apicultural Research: DNA damage increased significantly in honey bee larvae exposed to RF-EMF at 900 MHz a with modulating field level (80% AM 1 kHz sinus) at 23 V/m.
Journal of Research in Agriculture and Animal Science: Two working cell phones kept in test colonies caused significant decrease in colony strength, honey stores, pollen reserves, number of foragers returning to their hives, egg laying capacity of queens, and disturbed the navigational skills of foragers.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Ants exposed to 900 MHz at 1.6 mW/m² had significantly deteriorated responses to trail/area-marking/alarm pheromones, and ability for social food collection.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: GSM 900 MHz radiation may have a disastrous impact on a wide range of insects relying on olfactory and/or visual memory – especially bees.
Journal of Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Protozoan exposed to a GSM 900 MHz 2 watt cell phone had defective cellular membranes, moving more slowly. Altered physiology included problems with cytopharynx, pulse vesicles, cilia, and trichocysts.
Toxicology International: Cell phone in talk mode placed in beehives initially reduces motor activity of the worker bees, followed by mass migration of bees toward the “talk mode” cell phone. There was an initial rise in the concentration of biomolecules including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research (India): The behavioral pattern of honey bees alters when they are in close proximity to mobile phones and towers. Electromagnetic radiation exposure provides a better explanation for colony collapse disorder than other theories.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: GSM 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz mobile phone antennas decreased fruit fly reproductive capacity due to cell death induction. Cell phone bioactivity was evident at exposure intensities down to 1 μW/cm², with maximum bioactivity at 10 μW/cm², about 20-30 cm from the mobile phone antenna.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Common frog tadpoles had 90% mortality at exposure levels from cell phone tower radiation 140 meters away, with 1.8 to 3.5 V/m. Tadpole mortality was 4.2% for those protected from cell tower radiation by a Faraday cage.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: Growth and heat-shock response occurs in worms, induced by microwave exposure (750 MHz, 0.5 W) through non-thermal routes.
Science of the Total Environment: Documented effects of radio transmitters on animals include reduced survival, decreased productivity, changes in behavior and movement patterns and a biased sex ratio. Laboratory scientists investigating the orientation of animals know they have to shield the place where experiments are performed to prevent interference from man-made radiation, as anthropogenic signals may distort the results.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Significant declines observed in the mean House Sparrow density of Valladolid, Spain, correlating with the areas having the highest electric field strength.
Journal of Physics and Engineering: Wide variety of non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on amphibians.
Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering: Frogs exposed to 900 MHz radiation from a Nokia 1616 cellular phone, 15 cm from the receiver, experience altered patterns of muscle extraction.
Toxicology: Newts exposed to pulsed electromagnetic field had abnormal regeneration of limbs after amputation. Problems include loss of a digit, fused carpals, and long bone defects.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: GSM 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz mobile phones decreased biological activity in fruit flies. Both types of radiation were found to decrease significantly and non thermally the insect’s reproductive capacity, but GSM 900 MHz seems to be even more bioactive than DCS 1800 MHz.
Biology and Medicine: It is justified to conclude that RF-EMF radiation exposure can change neurotransmitter functions, blood-brain barrier, morphology, electrophysiology, cellular metabolism, calcium efflux, and gene and protein expression in certain types of cells even at lower intensities.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology: Regular and long term use of microwave devices (mobile phone, microwave oven) at domestic levels can have negative impact on the brain – and cause neurodegenerative diseases.
Medical Hypotheses: RF EMF has the potential to temporally modulate the nervous system, particularly when populations of neurons are required to act together. This modulation may be completely harmless for the fully developed nervous system of an adult. For an infant, this same temporal disruption might act to severely delay or disrupt vital calibration processes.
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice: Mobile phones may cause significant increases in the frequency of seizures in epileptic children, brain tumors and high blood pressure. In addition, mobile phones can cause discomfort, lack of concentration, dizziness, warming of the ear, and burning skin.
Child Development: Symptoms of retarded memory, learning, cognition, attention, and behavioral problems have been reported in numerous studies. They manifest as autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, as a result of EMF and RFR exposures.
Environment International: Weak pattern of lower mean cognition scores among children in relation to high frequency maternal prenatal cell phone use.
Systematic and Applied Acarology: Ticks exposed to 900 MHz RF-EMF below the proposed limit for public exposure to mobile phone base stations induces and immediate tick locomotor response, and significantly greater movement in the presence of the RF-EMF.
Experimental Oncology: Exposure of developing quail embryos to extremely low intensity RF-EMR from GSM 900 MHz leads to a significant oxidative damage to DNA in embryo cells. Oxidative changes may lead to pathologies up to oncogenic transformation of cells.
Clinical and Investigative Medicine: Inner ear problems correlate with 1800 MHz, simulated cell phone signal, applied to adult rabbits for 15 min daily for 7 days. Recommend preventing potential hazardous effects of RF EMF in humans.
International Journal of Science, Environment: Higher mortality and altered development of chicken embryos exposed to 900 MHz cell phone radiation.
General Physiology and Biophysics: Pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits exposed to RF EMF have elevated DNA and lipid damage.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Abundance of house sparrows reduced by long-term exposure to increasing radiation from 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz cell phone base stations.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Significant house sparrow population declines in European urban centers correlate with EMF field strengths at frequencies between 1 MHz and 3 GHz.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Microwaves from cell phone towers interfere with white stork reproduction.
International Research Journal: Gauriya sparrow population declines correlate with increasing RF EMF exposure to cell phone towers in Bhopal, Nagpur, Jablpur, Ujjain, Gwaliar, Chhindwara, Indore, and Betul (India).
Journal of Insect Behavior: At a cell phone exposure of 1.5 V/m, i.e., the legally allowed level in Brussels: a) Trail following ability of ants became less efficient, b) Alarm pheromone response had lower quality, and c) Their locomotion slightly changed. Ants can be considered “bioindicators”.
Biomedical Research: Exposure to 900 MHz from 2 Watt cell phones increased the mortality in chicken embryos. Mortality correlates with power density at the egg location and duration of exposure.
FCC Wireless Telecommunications Bureau: FCC mitigation of bird deaths associated with communication towers limited to bird/tower collisions. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields not considered.
Biotelemetry: Bird feathers are receptors of microwave fields. Microwave power radiation patterns indicate a substantial increase in the microwave power collected in the forward direction. Effect potentially influences bird behavior.
Journal of the Royal Society – Interface: Avian magnetic compass works only in a narrow functional window. Radio-frequency fields in the MHz range disrupt the birds’ orientation. Birds were not able to adjust to radio-frequency fields.
Brain Stimulation: Sleep characteristics recorded by electroencephalogram show an interaction between RF EMF at 900 MHz and the renormalization of cortical excitability during sleep. There’s an apparent negative impact on normal improvements in sleep-dependent performance.
Physiological Chemistry and Ph ysics: Ten human volunteers had temporary changes in their behavior and brain waves, based on electroencephalogram after exposure to power densities well below 10 µW/m², after exposure (0.1 to 960 MHz, and 8.5 to 9.6 GHz pulse-modulated waves; 10^-12 W/cm² and 10^-15 W/cm²; 50 minute duration). Constructive and destructive interference patterns from standing waves within the skull may interact with bioelectric generators in the brain.
Clinical Neurophysiology: Exposure to an active mobile phone (900 MHz; Three 20 minute exposures) affects neural functions in humans, altering both resting electroencephalogram patterns and the evoked neural response to auditory stimuli, with a number of these changes occurring as a function of exposure duration.
Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine: Mobile phone in talk-mode caused significant difference in the full-power mode trial in the electroencephalogram alpha and beta bands. Statistical analysis of electroencephalogram rhythms revealed significant differences in 7 of the 32 distinct frequencies overall.
NeuroReport: Exposure during waking hours to radiation from a cell phone (900 MHz; 30 minutes; at 1 W/kg) outlasts the waking period. Eelectroencephalogram readings during non-rapid eye movement sleep increased significantly, in the 9.75-11.25 Hz and 12.5-13.25 Hz bands.
Journal of Advanced Research: Adverse effect of non-thermal RF EMF exposure (900 MHz, at 0.025 mW/cm², 1 hour/day, for 1 month) was observed in the physiology of rat brains. REM sleep was significantly delayed, based on electroencephalogram measurements.
Journal of Neurophysiology: The alpha band electroencephalogram was significantly affected in volunteers exposed to (non-thermal) radiation from a cell phone, GSM 900 MHz, for 26 minutes. Test design was a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover study.
Bioelectromagnetics: The alpha band of an electroencephalogram shows significantly increased brain activity, when cell phones are activated on the heads of volunteers in a double blind counterbalanced crossover designed test. The alpha brain-wave pattern typically correlates with a “wandering mind“, or “internal thoughts” and “sleep”. Increased alpha readings also correlated with the side of the head exposed to the activated cell phone.
Neuroscience Letters: Sleep onset, as measured by electroencephalogram sleepiness rankings, is significantly delayed after exposure to 900 MHz cell phone signals in the talk mode. Cell phone signals in the listen and stand-by modes produced significantly less sleep onset delays.
Frontiers in Neuroscience: The elevated brain activity recorded by electroencephalograms during and after cell phone usage can be reduced by chips that are advertised to provide protective effects when they’re attached to mobile phone surfaces.
Journal of Sleep Research: Electroencephalograms during sleep revealed dose-dependent effects during non-REM sleep, along with decelerated reaction speed, after exposure to cell phone-like signals. Specific absorption rates were: 0.0 W/kg; 0.2 W/kg; or 5 W/kg; in a double-blind, crossover designed test.
Journal of Sleep Research: Study of randomized, double‐blind, crossover design shows brain physiology is affected by both RF EMF (900 MHz; 2 W/kg; 30 minutes) and pulsed magnetic fields. Both non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep are affected.
Journal of Sleep Research: Brain physiology altered significantly by pulse‐modulated RF EMF (900 MHz; 2 W/kg; pulse modulated at 14 Hz or 217 Hz; 30 minute exposure; before an 8 hour sleep period). Modulation frequency within a physiological range may be sufficient to induce these effects. Study design was partially balanced, randomized double‐blind crossover.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: The RF EMF emitted by mobile phones affects brain oscillatory responses during cognitive processing in children, as measured by electroencephalogram.
International Journal of Radiation Biology: Exposure to the RF EMF emitted by cellular phones modulates the responses of electroencephalogram oscillatory activity at approximately 8 Hz, while cognitive processes are ongoing.
PLOS One: Tinnitus is significantly more common among people with in the electromagnetic hypersensitivity. Tinnitus and electromagnetic hypersensitivity are independent risk factors for sleep disturbances. Distress in the outer layer of the brain appears to be responsible for both electromagnetic hypersensitivity and tinnitus.
PLOS One: Chronic low-intensity exposure of rats to RF-EMF (900 MHz, 1 V.m⁻¹) for five weeks was associated with a shift in thermal preference towards 1.6 degree C warmer ambient temperature, and a greater total sleep time, based on electroencephalogram readings.
Bioelectromagnetics: The thermal preference of squirrel monkeys exposed to HF EMF (2,450 MHz, for 10 minutes, at 6 to 8 mW/cm² power density) shifted towards significantly cooler ambient temperatures.
Neuroscience Letters (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services): Relatively short-term exposure to cell phone radiofrequency emissions can increases the normal death of cells derived from the brain, and neurons appear to be more sensitive to this effect than other nervous system cells.
Bioelectromagnetics: Under extended exposure conditions, RF signals at an average SAR of at least 5.0 W/kg are capable of inducing chromosomal damage in human lymphocytes.
Microwave Review (2005 – Russian) later Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine (2009): Because non-thermal microwaves affect not only brain cells, but also blood cells, skin and fibroblasts, stem cells, reproductive organs and sperm quality, hands-free cell phones cannot minimize all adverse health effects. Identification of signals and frequency channels/bands for mobile communication, which do not affect human cells, is needed as a high priority task for the development of safe mobile communication.
Environmental Health Perspectives: Singapore residents had significantly more headaches as their hand held cell phone usage increased. Prevalence of headache reduced more than 20% among those who used hands-free cellular devices.
Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering: Maternal exposure to EMF in mothers with dental amalgam fillings may cause elevated levels of mercury and trigger an increase in autism rates.
Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering: Mercury released from dental amalgam fillings is significantly accelerated by exposure to cell phone RF-EMFs and MRI (typical RF EMF 12 to 300 MHz). The RF EMF resonates in the tiny spaces between teeth, producing “hot spots” with rapidly expanding gas bubbles that accelerate amalgam microleakage.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences: MRI and microwave radiation emitted from mobile phones significantly release mercury from dental amalgam restoration.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine: Significant difference between urinary mercury in the exposed and control group, 72 hrs after MRI (typical RF EMF 12 to 300 MHz), illustrates the noxious effect of exposure to strong magnetic fields, and release of mercury from dental amalgam fillings.
Reviews on Environmental Health: Exposure to electromagnetic fields on the release of mercury from dental amalgam fillings indicates that pregnant women with dental amalgam fillings should limit their exposure to electromagnetic fields to prevent toxic effects of mercury in their fetuses.
Journal of Head and Neck Imaging: MRI (typical RF EMF 12 to 300 MHz) is not completely safe for patients with amalgam restorations. The resulting EMF enhances diffusion of mercury into the body.
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering: The mean concentration of mercury in the artificial saliva of Wi-Fi exposed teeth with amalgam fillings was was double the non-exposed control samples.
PLOS One: Exposure to RF EMF (835 MHZ, at 4.0 W/kg SAR, for 5 h daily) significantly reduced neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex in the brains of lab mice.

Miscellaneous peer-reviewed research on EMF exposures to non-radio frequency electromagnetic fields:

Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine: EMF exposure was found to alter the reproductive endocrine hormones, gonadal function, embryonic development, pregnancy, and fetal development. At the cellular level, an increase in free radicals may mediate the effect of EMFs and lead to cell growth inhibition, protein mis-folding, and DNA breaks.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: “Type 3 diabetes”, as defined in this study, requires improving power quality (i.e., eliminating “dirty electricity”) in patients’ homes, schools, and work environments. Exposure to radio frequencies, ranging from kHz to GHz, need to be minimized.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Postpartum death rate for lab mice exposed to an MRI at days 9 and 12 after gestation increased from 8% to 38%. Sperm production reduced up to 44% in adult mice exposed to MRI on day 12 after gestation.
Journal of Pineal Research: 60-Hz magnetic fields induced single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells, which can be mitigated by injecting melatonin or PBN, since both efficiently scavenge free radicals induced by 60-Hz EMF.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine: Exposure of Salmonella, Staph, and Klebsiella pneumoniae to soil with high background gamma radiation appears to cause adaptations that help microorganisms better cope with the lethal effects of antibiotics.
OncoTargets and Therapy: Bone mineral density levels of L1–L4 vertebrae and femur were significantly lower in electrical workers.
Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering: Electromagnetic interference from mobile phones has an adverse effect on the accuracy of home blood glucose monitors.
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal: Antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis pathogen can become susceptible to antibiotics with short-term exposure of microorganisms to diagnostic ultrasonic waves.
International Journal of Neuroscience: EMF hypersensitivity can occur as a bona fide environmentally inducible neurological syndrome (60-Hz, 300 V/m), causing temporal pain, headache, muscle twitching, and skipped heartbeats within 100 seconds after EMF exposure.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine: OSHA noted increased incidence cancers of the testes, blood, brain, eye, and skin among police officers working with traffic radar. Among 22,197 officers employed by 83 Ontario (Canada) police departments, there are statistically significant rates of testicular and skin cancers.
National Research Council (US): Research for proposed “Ground Wave Emergency Network” identified harmful effects from nonthermal exposures including: a) Abnormally slow heart rate (bradycardia), b) Altered Ca²⁺ binding to the surfaces of nerve cells in isolated brain hemispheres and neuroblastoma cells, c) Abnormal neurotransmitter activity in brain tissue exposed to RF EMF down to 0.45 W/kg, and d) Electroencephalograms (EEGs) of cats exposed to amplitude-modulated frequencies under 25 Hz.
Cancer Letters: Results suggest a cause-effect relationship between chronic exposure to very strong 60-Hz magnetic field for prolonged period and the development of malignant lymphoma in lab mice.
Occupational & Environmental Medicine: Exposures above electric field threshold intensities of 10 and 40 V/m are important predictors of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Consequently, the findings support the hypothesis that electric fields may play a promoting part in the etiology of this cancer.
American Journal of Epidemiology: Dogs living in homes with very high electrical current loads have 6.8 times the odds of developing canine lymphoma.
Bioelectromagnetics: Both gene and protein expressions of retinal progenitor cell markers were reduced when exposed to “safe” dose of pulsed EMF (1 mT, 50 Hz, 8 hours/day for 3 days).
Environment International: Apparent cancer cluster at a police detachment in coastal British Columbia. Among 174 current and former employees, 16 cancer cases reported. Potentially associated with police traffic radar.
Advances in Cancer Research: Proliferation of preleukemic cells induced by radiation leukemia virus variants.
Bioelectromagnetics: Defective Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus DNA particles generated when exposed to ELF-EMF (1 mT, 50 Hz, for 24-72 hours).
Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology: Epstein-Barr virus genome activated in latently infected human lymphoid cells when exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic field. Study shows DNA can be modulated by magnetic fields.
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology: EMF exposure affected reproductive success of kestrels nesting near power lines, reducing hatching success, while increasing fertility, egg size, embryonic development, and fledging success.
Bioelectromagnetics: Tobacco mosaic virus reacts to ELF-MF (10 Hz at 10, 25.6 or 28.9 microT, for 8 or 24 hours), resulting in decreased lesion area and the number of lesions on tobacco leaves.
American Journal of Epidemiology: Twofold increase in mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease) among Danish electrical workers’ estimated exposure to 50-Hz EMF. The excess mortality seems to be associated with above-average exposure to ELF EMF.
Journal of the American Medical Association – Pediatrics: A more than 3.5-fold increased rate of asthma occurs in children when mothers have more than 2.0 milligauss magnetic frequency exposure during their pregnancy, when compared to the children of mothers who had less than 0.3 milligauss magnetic frequency exposure during their pregnancy.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research: EMF between 500 Hz and 800 Hz correlate with intracerebral macroelectrodes in an epileptic patient; they occurred primarily in association with the seizure. EMF above 500 Hz possibly reflects facilitation of ictogenic neuronal hypersynchronization.
Boston Medical Center Neurology: Elevated occupational low frequency EMF exposure associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s Disease. Based on previous published studies, the results likely pertain to the general population.
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience: Weak broadband fields at 2 kHz to 9 MHz disrupts the orientation of European robins
Journal of the Royal Society Publishing Interface: Garden warbler navigation disrupted by weak oscillating magnetic field at 1.403 MHz.
Mutation Research: Higher frequency of chromosome lesions in irradiated cells. Microwave radiation causes changes in the synthesis and structure of DNA molecules.
British Medical Journal (BMJ): Distance from home address at birth to the nearest high voltage overhead power line revealed an association with childhood leukemia. Apparent risk extends to 600 meters.
International Journal of Epidemiology: Available epidemiological evidence suggests an association between occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and Alzheimer’s disease.
Internal Medicine Journal: The risk of lymphoproliferative or myeloproliferative disorders were elevated 3-fold among adults who had lived within 300 meters of a high voltage power line during their first 15 years of life; and was elevated 5-fold for those who had lived within the same distance aged 0–5 years.
Epidemiology: Association between magnetic fields and leukemia in children with Down syndrome suggests the possibility of a causal role for magnetic fields in the etiology of leukemia among Downs syndrome patients – who have a 20-fold higher risk of leukemia.
Epidemiology: Increased risk of childhood leukemia among children whose mothers were exposed to the highest occupational levels of ELF-MF during pregnancy
Epidemiology: Miscarriage risk increases with the level of magnetic field exposure, with a threshold around 16 milligauss (mG)
Munich Medical Weekly Journal – Advances in Medicine: Low-frequency electromagnetic fields associated with infantile leukemia in the highest exposure category.
French National Academy of Pharmacy: Risk of childhood leukemia associated with extremely low frequency EMF in the home when chronic exposure exceeds 0.4 μT.
American Journal of Epidemiology: Electrical wiring configurations with high current was noted in Colorado in 1976–1977 near the homes of children who developed cancer, as compared to the homes of control children. Unproven correlation may be AC magnetic fields.
British Journal of Cancer: The suggested association between exposure to 50–60 Hz magnetic fields and childhood leukemia found the 0.8% of children exposed to ≥ 0.4 μT had a significantly elevated leukemia risk that’s unlikely due to random variability.
Epidemiology: Risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was elevated in children who used electric blankets, or children whose mothers used electric blankets or mattress pads during pregnancy.
American Journal of Public Health: Epidemiologic studies showing correlations between residential magnetic field exposure and childhood leukemia identify a consistent risk that cannot be explained by random variation.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine: Cleaning “dirty electricity” electromagnetic fields reduces asthma, ADD/ADHD, MS, chronic fatigue syndrome, and electromagnetic hypersensitivity symptoms.
Bioelectromagnetics: Acute exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields caused a dose-dependent increase in DNA strand breaks in brain cells of rats.
Environmental Health Perspectives: Acute exposure to a 60-Hz magnetic field increases free radical formation in brain cells, leading to DNA strand breaks and cell death.
Scientific Reports: Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz) impair the cognitive and motor abilities of honey bees.
Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering: Exposure to short-wavelength visible light emitted from smartphones and tablets can increase the proliferation of staphylococcus aureus.
Medical Hypotheses: RFR exposure to firehouse/vehicle radios account for some of the increased health risks among firefighters. Respiratory diseases are typically not elevated among firefighters, despite their inhaled carcinogen exposure.

Peer reviewed research specific to “smart meters”:

New Zealand Medical Journal: The relationship between public health and the radio frequency emissions from cellphone technology, WiFi and electrical smart meters is scientifically and ethically flawed.
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine: Smart meters may have unique characteristics that lower people’s threshold for development of electromagnetic hypersensitivity.
Bioelectromagnetics: Smart meter power density is 15 mW/m². NOTE: This greatly exceeds the “scientific benchmark” for the onset of possible health risks, beginning at 30 to 60 µW/m². (FFF Editor’s Note: This is a safety standard established by the Bioelectromagnetics Society‘s spinoff group, which investigates EMF safety, under the Bioinitiative Working Group.)
Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy: A reasonable suspicion of risk exists based on clear evidence of bioeffects at environmentally relevant levels. Prolonged exposures may reasonably be presumed to result in health impacts. A precautionary limit should be adopted for outdoor, cumulative RF exposure.

* Government and industry-loyalists (i.e., lobbyists, executives, lawyers, PR-reps, and technical staff) who are uncomfortable with, or wish to dismiss the credibility of the peer-reviewed journals cited above, should look up the the definition of “sarcasm“. The compiler of peer-reviewed evidence is a retired North Slope oil industry engineer, Ed Davis. During his career, he hiked and flew to the base of many microwave relay towers along the Trans Alaska Pipeline, then researched the associated hazards in industry trade journals and peer-reviewed studies. Ed and his allies are NOT seeking to eliminate all electromagnetic fields from Fairbanks. Instead, this website illustrates the the end result of a government that was mostly, “of/by/for the people” – until recently. We’ve tragically morphed into a country that’s mostly “of the corporation; by the corporation; and for the corporation” – i.e., in this case, regulators seek to maximize corporate profits at almost any societal cost. Industry-loyalists are asked to do their job before dismissing the cited peer-reviewed research. Faithfully replicate the test methods used in these studies, then honestly look for the identified effects.